Understanding Hereditary Colorectal Cancer: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and a significant number of cases are linked to family history. If someone in your family has had colorectal cancer, you might wonder whether you’re at risk too. This is where the concept of hereditary colorectal cancer comes into play. This condition is caused by genetic mutations passed down through generations, increasing the risk of developing cancer.

By understanding the signs, causes, and available treatments, you can take steps to protect your health. For those in Pune, consulting specialists like Dr. Sumit Shah, a colorectal cancer surgeon at Prolife Cancer Centre, can provide insights and solutions tailored to your situation.

What is Hereditary Colorectal Cancer?

Hereditary colorectal cancer occurs when a genetic mutation that increases cancer risk is inherited from one or both parents. Unlike sporadic colorectal cancer, which develops without a family history, hereditary cases often affect multiple family members across generations.

The two most common genetic conditions linked to this type of cancer are:

1. Lynch Syndrome: Also called hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), this condition is
2. caused by mutations in specific genes responsible for DNA repair.
3. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP): This condition leads to the development of numerous polyps in the
4. colon and rectum, some of which may turn cancerous over time.

Understanding whether your risk is hereditary is the first step toward prevention and early treatment.

Causes and Risk Factors

The primary cause of hereditary colorectal cancer is genetic mutations. These mutations can be passed down from a parent who carries the altered gene. Key risk factors include:

1. Family History: If multiple family members have had colorectal cancer, your risk increases significantly.
2. Genetic Syndromes: Conditions like Lynch Syndrome or FAP heighten the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer.
3. Age: Although hereditary colorectal cancer can occur at any age, individuals with these conditions often develop cancer earlier than the general population.

If you have a family history of colorectal cancer, genetic testing can help identify whether you carry a mutation that increases your risk.

Symptoms of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer

Early symptoms of colorectal cancer may not always be noticeable, but as the disease progresses, you may experience:

Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool that lasts for more than a few days.

1. Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool.
2. Abdominal pain, cramps, or discomfort that doesn’t go away.
3. Fatigue or weakness caused by anemia.
4. Unexplained weight loss.

If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional promptly.

How is Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosis begins with a detailed medical and family history. Your doctor may recommend:

1. Genetic Testing: This can identify specific mutations associated with hereditary colorectal cancer.
2. Colonoscopy: A procedure to examine the colon and rectum for polyps or other abnormalities.
3. Imaging Tests: CT scans or MRIs may be used to assess the spread of cancer, if present.
4. Biopsy: A sample of tissue may be taken to confirm a diagnosis of cancer.

For individuals with a strong family history of colorectal cancer, regular screenings and genetic counseling are highly recommended.

Prevention and Risk Reduction Strategies

While you can’t change your genetic makeup, there are ways to lower your risk:

1. Screening: Regular colonoscopies are crucial for detecting and removing polyps before they turn cancerous.
2. Healthy Diet: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting red and processed meats can reduce your risk.
3. Physical Activity: Staying active helps maintain a healthy weight, which is associated with lower cancer risk.
4. Avoid Tobacco and Alcohol: Smoking and heavy drinking can increase your risk of developing colorectal cancer.

In high-risk individuals, preventive surgeries may also be considered to remove parts of the colon or rectum before cancer develops.

Treatment Options for Hereditary Colorectal Cancer

Treatment depends on the stage and severity of the disease. Common approaches include:

1. Surgery: The removal of cancerous tissue from the colon or rectum is often the first line of treatment.
2. Chemotherapy: This may be used to kill cancer cells or prevent them from spreading further.
3. Radiation Therapy: This option is often used for rectal cancer to target specific areas.
4. Immunotherapy: Some cases, particularly those linked to Lynch Syndrome, may respond to drugs that enhance the immune system’s ability to fight cancer.

Consulting a trusted specialist like Dr. Sumit Shah ensures that you receive the most suitable treatment for your condition.

Living with Hereditary Colorectal Cancer

Receiving a diagnosis can be challenging, but support is available. Maintaining a positive outlook, joining support groups, and staying informed can help manage the physical and emotional aspects of the condition. Regular follow-up care and a healthy lifestyle play an essential role in managing hereditary colorectal cancer.

Frequently Asked Questions about Hereditary Colorectal Cancer

Q1. How do I know if my colorectal cancer risk is hereditary?
A: A strong family history of colorectal cancer or related conditions may indicate a hereditary risk. Genetic testing can provide more clarity.

Q2: What age should I start screening if I have a family history?
A: Screening typically starts earlier than usual, sometimes as young as 20–25 years, depending on your family history and genetic test results.

Q3. How can Dr. Sumit Shah help in treating hereditary colorectal cancer?
A: Dr. Shah has extensive experience in managing hereditary colorectal cancer cases and provides thorough care to help patients achieve better outcomes.

Meet Dr. Sumit Shah: Colorectal Cancer Specialist in Pune

Dr. Sumit Shah is a skilled colorectal cancer surgeon in Pune, specializing in hereditary colorectal cancer. With years of experience in managing complex cases, he offers effective surgical solutions tailored to individual needs. At Prolife Cancer Centre, Dr. Shah provides expert care in diagnosing, treating, and supporting patients with hereditary colorectal cancer. If you are at risk, consulting Dr. Shah ensures you receive the right guidance and treatment plan for your condition.